An ophthalmologist (MD) is a physician who specializes in the medical and surgical care of the eyes, and in the prevention of eye disease and injury. An ophthalmologist completes medical education, training and experience to diagnose, treat and manage all eye and visual systems, and is licensed by a state regulatory board to practice medicine and surgery.

Doctors of optometry (OD) are independent primary health care providers who examine, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases and disorders of the eye and associated structures. Optometrists also do testing to determine the patient's ability to focus and coordinate the eyes, and to judge depth, and see colors accurately. They prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses, low vision aids, vision therapy and, in all 50 states, medicines to treat eye diseases.

An optician makes, verifies, and delivers glasses (lenses and frames), and contact lenses using a prescription from an optometrist or opthalmologist. Opticians' analyze and interpret prescriptions; determine which products best meet the customer needs, and prepare and deliver the finished product.